Capacitor is a device that can store energy in the electric field, with how to collect the internal imbalance of electric charge.
Capacitor has a unit called the name of Michael Faraday farad. Capacitors are also known as the "capacitor", but the word "condenser" is still used today. First mentioned by the Italian scientist Alessandro Volta in 1782 (from the Italian condensatore), with regard to the ability of the appliance to store a high electrical charge than other components. Most languages and countries that do not use the English language still refers to the Italian word "condensatore", condensateur French, Indonesian and German or Spanish Condensador Capacitor.
History Of Capacitor
In October 1745, Ewald Georg von Kleist of Pomerania in Germany found that charge could be stored by connecting a high voltage electrostatic generator by a wire to a volume of water in a hand-held glass jar. Von Kleist's hand and the water acted as conductors and the jar as a dielectric (although details of the mechanism were incorrectly identified at the time). Von Kleist found that after removing the generator, touching the wire resulted in a painful spark. In a letter describing the experiment, he said "I would not take a second shock for the kingdom of France." The following year, the Dutch physicist Pieter van Musschenbroek invented a similar capacitor, which was named the Leyden jar, after the University of Leiden where he worked. Daniel Gralath was the first to combine several jars in parallel into a "battery" to increase the charge storage capacity.
Benjamin Franklin investigated the Leyden jar and "proved" that the charge was stored on the glass, not in the water as others had assumed. He also created the term "battery", (as in a battery of cannons), subsequently applied to clusters of electrochemical cells. Leyden jars were later to be made by coating the inside and outside of jars with metal foil, leaving a space at the mouth to prevent arcing between the foils. The earliest unit of capacitance was the 'jar', equivalent to about 1 nanofarad.
Leyden jars or more powerful devices employing flat glass plates alternating with foil conductors were used exclusively up until about 1900, when the invention of wireless (radio) created a demand for standard capacitors, and the steady move to higher frequencies required capacitors with lower inductance. A more compact construction began to be used of a flexible dielectric sheet such as oiled paper sandwiched between sheets of metal foil, rolled or folded into a small package.
Early capacitors were also known as condensers, a term that is still occasionally used today. The term was first used for this purpose by Alessandro Volta in 1782, with reference to the device's ability to store a higher density of electric charge than a normal isolated conductor.